Muffler

What is muffler?
Is a device for reducing the amount of noise emitted by the machine.

There two kinds of mufflers

• Chambered mufflers
• Straight thru mufflers

What is the part of Mufflers in the car?
Headers
A switching Exhaust manifold to exhaust headers that will decrease the amount of back pressure and in turn it increase the high end power of an engine. the pipe will merge and collect the flow into a larger pipe or called down pipe. Exhaust headers can be tuned and modified to perform best at specific RPM ranges. Stock Exhaust manifold usually made of cast iron na d can be restrictive. Headers can be Ceramic coated to reduce Heat radiated in the engine compartment and to increase the temperature of the pipes which increase the velocity of the exhaust gases.


Four kinds of Headers

• 4-2-1 headers it means 4 pipes merge into 2 and merge into 1

• 4-1 headers it means 4 pipes merge directly into 1

• Short headers means each exhaust pipe travels the shortest distance from the exhaust port to muffler.

• Equal length headers means exhaust pipe is in the same length from exhaust port to muffler

Catalytic converters
It is to reduce the emission of the exhaust and it create back pressure. modern cars have 1-3 psi of back pressure installing an high flow catalytic converter can replace the standard units to lower the back pressure


Glass packs or fiberglass
Used inside the muffler to have good sound insulation. This kind of mufflers decrease back pressure and decibel level maintained.

Silencers
A series of concentric pipes around the exhaust pipe. the concentric pipes allow sounds to travel into then and cause the sound waves to bounce off closed, flat, ends of the pipe. the sound waves collide after it bounce the reason for the sound to be canceled

Resonators
Are section of the exhaust pipe that expand to the larger diameter and allow the sound waves to reflect the walls and canceled out

Exhaust pipe
Is there all the pressure will go out. this the muffler you see at the back of a car

Performance
Free flowing exhaust system may maximize Horsepower which need toe straight thru, putting free flowing exhaust can affect at low end torque "but cared design from force induction engines are not affected to this low end torque".