Spark plugs

What is Spark Plugs?
An electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines and ignites compressed air and gasoline thru electric sparks came from the spark plugs.

How to tell spark plugs still ok?

• Must have some continues sparks
  
• The sparks must be blue to produce more efficiency
• The clearance of spark plug must not too wide and not too narrow maybe 1-2cm gap
• Clean the base by brush and sand paper not too rough not too smooth
• No continuous spark must be replace
• Not straight line spark or irregularities sparks line must be replace

RPM

What is RPM?
RPM means revs per minute, the cycle of rotation in the engines.

RPM also stand or showing the value of a cars power, it also show the amount of power that you produce when you press the accelerator of the car.

Some drivers depends on RPM gauge and some doesn't use this RPM gauge for some professional they can predict analyzed how powerful your car is depending in the sound of the engine and muffler or the sound characteristic and so fort. They even know what the right timing on changing gears while running slow or fast. For automatic cars it is common to have an constant rpm to change gears it always at 3000 RPM/min for manual it depends on your timing desire power to produce.

Battery Discharge

Battery Discharge it happens when the electrical circuit shorted or grounded. in case of battery discharge re check your car to the electrician and if the battery is not maintenance free go back where the battery been sold. and if the car doesn't start up try jump start so that it can run again and the alternator will charge the battery back to its own condition.

Prevent battery discharge it doesn't destroy the battery but it giving more effort to charge and also it have slight factor of battery life span.

Engine Oil

What is an Engine Oil or Motor Oil?
An liquid used for lubricating of various internal combustion engines while the main function is to lubricate the internal parts and the moving parts of an engine and it also cleans inhibits corrosion and improve sealing and cools the engines by carrying the heat.


There are three kinds of Oil Classification

• Mineral oil
• Semi synthetic
• Fully synthetic

Some oil varies in their number like 20w40 means at low temperature the oil can perform the quality of the oil up to 20 degrees and at high temperatures at 40 degrees.

Usually some maintenance begins at 5000km reading, 3months or 6 months depending how you used the car.

How about Oil levels?
Well in my car i am regulating oil level at half to 3/4 of the deep stick sometime slightly full, less oil would help the engine run fine putting a lot of oil can harm the engine oil seals and other components due to too much pressure.

My car's sound

Well i have an second hand car which is really stock or all original like what you can get at the factory or car dealer.

The car that we bought have an slight defective speakers which it have a sound but can't produce more bass due to the rubber between the housing and the inner part of speaker are busted or gone, well it almost 10 yrs old and due to heat and stock due to unused the rubber is destroyed.

I change my speaker to an 6 1/2 CROWN woofer that can produce 100w-200w max with an impedance of 8ohms and also have a big magnet. which are really different from my stock speaker that can produce 15W with an impedance of 6ohms. due to financial capacity i cant afford for a better performance speaker like PIONEER, SONY, JVC, JBL, ROCKPORT, and other leading brands of speakers.

Now we mounted it at the back of my car where my old speaker are mounted but the problem is the size speaker and the size of the mounted are not the same. We make a new plan to reinsert the new speaker where the old speaker are mounted. Due to hanging and not to secure placement of speaker i experience too much vibration, then i decide to have a new board at the back of the car or be fabricated to the back of my car so that the vibration would be lessen and it can enhance the sounds system. It become more louder that the stock back boarding can't perform a good quality of sounds and speaker.

Sunny Season

It is really nice to bring the car when it is sunny and when the car is newly cleaned from the body till the rubber of the wheel, putting a wax to let the car real shine bright. But every time i clean my car it always rain, well in my experience it always rain when i clean my car. How about you? Did you notice sometimes that every time it just been clean after a day or end of the day it rains? Our weather is really unpredictable, cleaning the car is one of the factor of maintenance of the car so that acid rains and other elements that can harm to the paint job and glass will be eliminated.

So clean your car every day or 3 times a week. if no time to clean go to the car wash and let them clean your car.

Putting an Spoiler

Nowadays spoiler are used for changing the looks of the car not based on the performance which spoiler can give.

Putting an spoiler, the trunk must be modified due to the downward force or upward force that the spoiler gathered, modifying the trunk will reinforce the frame of the trunk so that when spoiler gathered downward or upward force. the trunk won't have dents and become defective trunk door.

Windshield

What is Windshield?
It is a front window of an car or vehicle.

Windshield are made of laminated safety glass a type of glass which are consist of two typically curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer laminated between them and mount in front of the vehicle

Purpose of Windshield
Is to give protection from:

• Wind
• Temperature
• Debris
• Rocks
• some glass have UV coating

Car Wiper

What is wiper?
Is a device that used to wipe dirt and rain drops in the glass of the car.

Parts of Wiper

• Arm
• Blade

Arm
It can be short or long

Blade
It depend on the class of the car but mostly it can be equal size and sometimes left blade are longer than the right blade.

Wiper can be powered

• Air Powered
• Electric Motor
• Manifold Vacuum
• Cable Type

Type of Wiper

• Front car mirror
• Rear car mirror
• Head lights

Speaker Specification

Speaker

• Sub woofer
• Woofer
• Mid range
• Tweeter

Size
It varies in the housing of the speaker some speaker are 3 inch to 20 inch of size.

Rated Power
It specify the max power output of the speaker it is depend of the speaker design and purpose.

Impedance
Common speaker been sold was 4Ω and 8Ω but some speaker perform best at 2Ω.

Baffle
An enclosure of box to produce nice sound off bass.

Number of speaker

• Single
• Two way
• Three way
• Four way

It depends of the design of the speaker if they are many speaker are mounted or none.

Cross Over
A device which divide or put boundaries to the frequency of sounds.

Frequency Response
It can be measures thru decibel meter it can be + or - db readings.

Sound System

What is Speaker ?
It is an electromechanical transducer that converts signal to sound.

Kinds of Speaker

• Sub woofer
• Woofer
• Mid range
• Tweeter
  

Sub woofer
Is a woofer speaker used only for the lowest part of the audio spectrum typically below 100-120hz. The design of Sub woofer is usually simple consisting a single subwoofer enclosed in a suitable cabinet or enclosure so called baffle

Two kinds of sub woofer

• Active Sub woofer
• Passive Sub woofer

Active Sub woofer
Have an built in power amplifier and electronic filters

Passive sub woofer
Require separate external amplifiers

Woofer
Is a speaker that reproduce low frequencies. some baffle are build in woofer speakers which can perform like sub woofer speaker.

Mid range
A speaker which produce middle frequencies. this speaker can be made of paper or composite material. it is a cone shaped and it is mounted on the front of baffle of a speaker.

Tweeter
Is a speaker that produce high frequency.

Car Bumper

What is Car Bumper?
It is design to allow the car to sustain an impact without damage to the vehicle frame or safety system, but it will not withstand damage to high speed impact.

What Car Bumper made of?
Originally they are made of heavy steel but they evolve from heavy steel to thermo plastic or painted light metal

Now a days many people or youth prefer the After market bumper due to its appearance.

Spoiler

What is Spoiler?
A device whose design function is to spoil unfavorable air movement across the body of a vehicle in motion.

Advantage of spoiler
It can improved vehicle stability by decreasing lift which may cause unpredictable handling of the car at high speed

Spoiler can benefit or worsen the handling of the car, this device is design to lessen the effect of drag by generating lift or generate down force as air passed the vehicle.

How spoiler works?
Generally work by distributing or diffusing the air flow passing over and around a moving vehicle, this distribution primary purpose is to reduce amount of lift or instability naturally generated by the body of the vehicle or also called aerodynamics. The airflow are varies to the body panels or by adding extra attachment to the body.

In cars increasing contact between the tire and the road surface will increase traction which it allows the vehicle in motion to brake, turn , and accelerate with more stability.

Basically drag increase the speed of vehicle but some spoiler are effective at very low speed often excessive drag at high speed, spoiler works at high speed often ineffective while moving at low speed.

Car Alternator

What is Alternator?
Is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy. most of the alternator are used by a rotating magnetic field but their linear alternator are occasionally used.

Why Car needs an Alternator?
They are used to charge the battery and to power the car electrical system when the engine is running.

Information for Alternator
Alternator have great advantage over the direct current generator, they are more stronger and can use smaller pulley to operate so it can turn twice as the engine run and improve output when engine is idle.

Alternator use a set of rectifiers to convert Alternating current to direct current. Usually alternator are being driven by belt from the engine crankshaft at it turns 2-3 times faster.

Now a days Alternator have a voltage regulators built into them. It been made to produce a constant voltage output. Newer cars alternator are linked in the vehicle on board computer system.

Large alternators device are being used on truck, buses, and other heavy equipment. They also have cooling system it can be in a form of water or oil.

Radiator

What is radiator?
A device that are design to transfer flowing heat in the medium and the main purpose is cooling the heat.

Radiator can be used in:

• Oil cooler
• Water Cooler
• Air Flow
  

How Radiator can be Clasiffied?
They are constructed of a pair of headers tanks, link by a honeycomb core. This core are usually made in stacked layers of metal sheet. Pressed to form channels and soldered or brazed together. Headers can be:

• Plastic core
• Aluminum Core

Coolant pumps
A pump are responsible for the flow of hot to the radiator.

Heater
A system valves that baffles or both is usually incorporated to simultaneously.

Temperature control for:

Water flow control
Engine temperature control are controlled by a wax pellet type of thermostat, A valve which opens one the engine reach its maximum operational temperature. When it is cold the thermostats will be closed and when it temperature raise the valve will open.

Airflow control
Heat loss came from the air. Vehicle speed can affect the temperature of the radiator, in rough proportion to the engine effort. Engines driven fans are often regulated by a viscous drive clutch from the drive belt. Drive belt slips when in low temperature. Electronic fans also used for Stationary or no movement the, Electronic fan helps to lessen the heat.

Coolant
It is an Fluids which help to liquid not to freeze during at very low temperature. "Coolant are not advisable in tropical country like Philippines".

Boiling or overheat
A medium which focus in the temperature of a certain object or automobiles. When not notice or forget the normal temperature of the car it can lead to engine damage and it will cost a lot.

Supplementary Radiators
Some radiators are used as water cooled system, oil cooled system, and air cooled system.

Lamp Color

Head light color
How a days car have new technology for the light it also have many variants of color to choose.

For Halogens

• Four type of head bulb
• Ordinary color
• Super white color
• Rainbow Color
• All weather

Ordinary
Halogen lightly yellowish light.

Super White
A bright high wattage bulb warp by an blue tint.

Rainbow
A combination of color to represent the color of rainbow.

All Weather
A yellow or yellowish color light which can use in any different climate


For HID
Their are lots of color to choose from

Super white
Yellowish
Blue
Violet
Purple
and Other color

Optical System

Lens Optic
A light source is placed at or near the focus of a reflector, which may be parabolic or non parabolic. Which the lens help to spread the light.

Parabolic
A circular conical surface and plane parallel to a generating straight line of the surface.

Reflector
A distribution of light from the bulb to optic lens and in the road. There are made of metal and glass.

Dual reflector
A reflector that design to use Low Beam or High Beam

Types of bulb size

• H1
• H2
  
• H3
• H4
• H7
• H8
• H9
• HB3
• HB4
• 501
• 233
• 207
• 286
• 9003
• 9004

Kinds of Light Source

• Tungsten light source
• Tungsten halogen light source
• Halogen
• HID
• LED

Tungsten Light Source
The first electric headlamp light source. it operates in a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere inside the headlamp bulb or seal beam.

Tungsten Halogen Light Source
Halogen technology which give more light than the tungsten.

Halogen
Is an incandescent lamp in which a tungsten filament is sealed into a compact transparent envelope with an inert gas and have a small amount of halogen such as iodine or bromine.

HID Light source
HID means High Intensity Discharge, the technical term for the electric arc that produces the light, HID are commonly called Xenon Head Lamps. The xenon gas allows the lamps to produce minimal adequate amounts of light immediately upon start up and speed the warm up time, This kind of bulb do not use on low voltage DC current so they are required to have ballast. The ballast control the current of the bulb, after the ballast start the DC flowing in the bulb is up to 85V

LED
Are being used in parking lamps, brake lamps, and turn signal. LED are under development since 2004

Head Lamp

What is Head Lamp?
Is a lamp usually attach to the front of the vehicle such as a car, with the purpose of illuminating the road ahead during periods of low visibility such as night or foggy climate.
I
t also called head light refers to the beam of the light produced and distributed by the device.

Kinds of Head Light

• Round
• Square
• Hidden lamps
• Aerodynamic shape "varies on the car design"

Note:
Common head light are Seal beam

Kinds of beam?

• Low Beam
• High Beam

Function of beams?

Low Beam
So called Dipped Beams or beam towards to the grounds. To provide safe forward visibility without excessive glare or backdazzle

High beam
Also called main beams, full beam, and driving beams. It can cause light straight ahead, maximizing seeing distance but produce more glare for safe use when other vehicle are present on the road.